NTSB

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to ensure that the runway was clear of any obstacles before departure, which resulted in the airplane hitting a snowdrift.

Probable cause: The pilot’s inappropriate response to an emergency exit window opening in flight, which resulted in a loss of control, precautionary off-airport landing, and subsequent impact with trees. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to see and avoid the stationary airplane during taxi.

Probable cause: The flight instructor’s decision to continue to taxi the airplane to the parking area with a known brake malfunction, which resulted in a loss of directional control and subsequent impact with a parked airplane. 

Probable cause: The pilot’s unstabilized approach, which resulted in the biplane being low and striking trees.

Probable cause: A partial loss of engine power due to carburetor icing and the subsequent forced landing on a rough/soft field.

Probable cause: The pilot’s improper preflight planning, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the total loss of engine power.

Probable cause: The pilot’s improper landing flare and subsequent hard landing while demonstrating a short-field landing and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action.