NTSB

Probable cause: The airplane’s encounter with a depression in a dirt runway during takeoff, which resulted in a tail strike.

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a runway excursion.

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain the proper airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle-of-attack during a single-engine approach, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall at an altitude too low for the flight instruct

Probable cause: The pilot’s inadequate fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during takeoff, which resulted in a runway excursion.

Probable cause: The student pilot’s incorrect brake application during the landing roll, which resulted in a loss of directional control.

Probable cause: The pilot’s overcorrection with the right rudder during the landing roll, which resulted in a loss of directional control and a runway excursion.

Probable cause: An in-flight collision with a flock of birds.